Do I need an Indian transit visa to connect through Delhi airport on a different flight (without through-checked baggage)?

A traveler flying from Bangladesh to Minsk via Delhi applied for an e-visa a few days before departure, but it still hadn't arrived by flight day — raising the question of whether he'd be allowed to board without it and how to handle Indian immigration.

Without a valid Indian visa, airlines may refuse boarding, and a transit visa may be denied if you're on India's ban list. Visa checks happen mainly at check-in, but immigration doesn't interact with pure transit passengers since they never cross the border — in practice many people get through by trial.

If there's a visa status issue (like overstay) when leaving India, the fine is around 50,000 rupees, but many travelers leave without paying by claiming they have no money — the FRRO office issues a free exit permit after an in-person visit.

The original question: is an Indian visa required for a Delhi airport connection on a Dhaka–Delhi–Almaty route when baggage isn't through-checked (meaning you'd have to collect it and re-check in at Delhi)?