How does public transport work in Istanbul (metro, tram, transit card, airport transfers)?

At the domestic terminal, food and drink prices after security screening are city-level, not typical inflated airport prices — but still noticeably pricier than expected. Better to grab snacks before security.

One metro line had long gaps between trains due to construction work at a station. Worth checking with recent travelers whether normal intervals have resumed before relying on it.

You can reach Istiklal Street from the Old City by public transport (T1 tram to Kabataş or Karaköy, then funicular or Tünel up to Taksim) — a step-by-step video guide exists for those unfamiliar with the route.

On the Marmaray line, locals with a registered Istanbulkart get part of the transfer fare refunded at the end of the trip, while tourists using a regular card don't.

If your card is out of balance, look for ticket machines along the tram tracks — in Kadıköy there are ones near the bus stop and at the ferry pier.

Airport transfer can be booked yourself or through your hotel. Alternatively, the metro works fine too — with mobile internet and Google Maps, navigating it turns out to be less intimidating than expected.

The tram isn't as comfortable as it might seem — it's often crowded with a mix of tourists and locals, so don't count on getting a seat.